India in age of emerging intelligence: From DeepSeek to national vision

“The real risk is not that machines will think like humans, but that humans will think like machines.” – B. F. Skinner

Today when DeepSeek launched V3.1 with doubled context, advanced coding, and math abilities. Featuring 685B parameters under MIT Licence, it delivers enterprise-grade performance at low cost, reshaping open-source AI’s global role, global attention turned sharply to DeepSeek, a Chinese AI platform whose rapid rise has startled investors, policymakers, and technologists alike. Its emergence signals that the intelligence race is accelerating at an unprecedented pace, and India, with its democratic ethos, vast population, and technological ambitions, cannot afford to remain a bystander. The question is urgent and existential: will India merely consume AI, or will it shape, regulate, and lead it on its own terms?

Generative AI systems like ChatGPT, Grok, and DeepSeek promise productivity gains, innovation, and new forms of knowledge creation. Yet the very same technologies carry risks that are equally profound. They challenge India’s data sovereignty, introduce potential vulnerabilities in national security, and risk eroding ethical and cultural foundations. In a nation of 1.4 billion, the stakes are nothing less than civilizational.

“The nations that master AI will not just dominate economies- they will shape civilizations.”

The risks are manifold. National security is immediately threatened by the capacity of AI to craft hyper-realistic narratives, simulate military operations, and automate cyberattacks. Deepfakes of leaders, algorithmic misinformation campaigns, and AI-driven strategic deception are no longer hypothetical; they are tangible realities demanding urgent attention. At the same time, AI threatens economic disruption across knowledge-intensive sectors, IT, finance, law, healthcare, and creative industries, posing the dual challenge of automation and job displacement. The socio-cultural dimension is equally critical. AI systems trained predominantly on foreign datasets risk embedding cultural biases that misrepresent India’s heritage and subtly influence social discourse. And finally, the legal vacuum surrounding AI, particularly in accountability, liability, and algorithmic fairness, leaves India exposed to both domestic and international risks.

“Data is the new oil, but in the wrong hands, it can also be the new weapon.”

Globally, the response to AI has been uneven. The United States, while technologically advanced, struggles to regulate fast-moving innovation. The European Union has embraced strict regulatory frameworks that prioritize ethics but risk dampening entrepreneurship. China pursues a centralized, state-driven agenda with both domestic control and international influence in mind. India must chart a path that is neither a mere imitation nor a reactive stance; it requires a distinctive hybrid approach that is technologically agile, ethically grounded, and strategically sovereign.

“India cannot afford to be a spectator in the AI race, it must be an architect of the rules, a builder of ecosystems, and a guardian of its sovereignty.”

To meet this challenge, India must construct a visionary institutional architecture. At its core should be a Security Forces Dynamic Intelligence Developments Monitoring and Security Assurance Group, a body designed for real-time surveillance of global AI developments, threat simulation, and rapid response coordination across the armed forces, intelligence agencies, and cyber commands. Complementing this must be an Emerging Intelligence Legal-Ecosystem Creation Agency, a forward-looking institution tasked with framing laws, ethical guidelines, and accountability mechanisms tailored for generative intelligence. These institutions are not bureaucratic luxuries, they are existential necessities, ensuring that India remains a sovereign actor in a world increasingly dominated by AI.

Embedded within these institutional frameworks must be a commitment to human-centric technology. AI’s promise is not simply efficiency or profit; it must be a tool for empowerment, enhancing education, healthcare, and livelihoods across India’s diverse population. Rural farmers should benefit from AI-driven crop intelligence, students from adaptive learning platforms, and entrepreneurs from intelligent business tools. At the same time, AI must be culturally sensitive, reflecting the linguistic, ethical, and civilizational richness of India, rather than flattening it under globalized templates.

“In the end, intelligence, artificial or human, must be judged by the dignity it preserves and the opportunities it creates.”

Economically, the opportunities are equally compelling. Indigenous AI models can reduce dependence on foreign platforms, while sectoral hubs in finance, agriculture, healthcare, logistics, and defense can establish India as a global innovator rather than a consumer. The potential for AI-driven entrepreneurship is immense, but it requires vision, investment, and governance structures that balance innovation with social responsibility.

Geopolitically, India’s AI posture will define its influence in the coming decades. By taking a leadership role in global AI diplomacy shaping standards, setting ethical norms, and securing equitable participation for the Global South India can position itself as a moral and strategic counterweight to dominant powers. Sovereignty in technology is not merely economic; it is a pillar of national security and global influence.

“Nations that command emerging intelligence will command the future. Those that delay will live in the shadows of others’ codes.”

Underlying all of these strategic imperatives is a uniquely Indian dimension: the integration of civilizational wisdom. Principles of dharma, ethical discernment, and Vivek can guide AI governance, ensuring that technological advancement serves humanity rather than undermines it. Ethical audits inspired by these values, combined with modern AI ethics, can prevent misuse and reinforce trust. Decision-making frameworks must weigh immediate efficiency against long-term societal welfare, ensuring AI amplifies justice, compassion, and knowledge.

“The destiny of nations is shaped less by the size of their armies than by the quality of their intelligence, human and artificial alike.”

The urgency is undeniable. DeepSeek’s rise is a wake-up call, and India must act decisively. The creation of the Security Forces Dynamic Intelligence Monitoring Group and the Legal-Ecosystem Agency must be immediate priorities, supported by investments in national AI platforms, mass skilling programs, and public-private-academic partnerships. These measures will position India not only to secure its sovereignty and economy but also to demonstrate global leadership in ethical, human-centered AI.

“The future will belong not to the nation with the strongest machines, but to the one with the deepest vision of what it means to be human.”

India’s journey from the IT revolution of the 1990s to the AI revolution of today is a continuum of innovation, resilience, and foresight. But unlike previous eras, this moment demands civilizational clarity and moral imagination. India must lead, not react; it must build institutions that anticipate threats while cultivating opportunity; it must develop technologies that empower citizens while respecting ethics; and it must assert its voice in global governance, ensuring that democracy and humanism guide the intelligence revolution.

“The truest measure of a nation’s power is its ability to harness intelligence, artificial and human, for the good of all its citizens.”

In this era of machine speed, India has a singular opportunity: to define a model of emerging intelligence civilization that is ethical, sovereign, inclusive, and visionary. By seizing this moment, India will not simply participate in the global AI revolution; it will shape it on its own terms, aligning the power of technology with the enduring values of its people.

“The challenge is immense, the responsibility profound, but the opportunity for India to lead has never been greater.”

[Major General Dr. Dilawar Singh, IAV, is a distinguished strategist having held senior positions in technology, defence, and corporate governance. He serves on global boards and advises on leadership, emerging technologies, and strategic affairs, with a focus on aligning India’s interests in the evolving global technological order.]